Veterinary Internal Medicine exam questions: topics, study tips and free sample questions

Answer: D. "Red nose" is the lay terminology for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) caused by bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). BHV-1 is associated with a number of syndromes: rhinotracheitis, vulvovaginitis, conjunctivitis, abortion, enteritis, and encephalomyelitis. Prevention with immunization is usually effective. Moraxella bovis is a bacteria that causes infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, which can also occur in sheep and goats.

Answer: E. Potomac horse fever is a syndrome of fever, acute diarrhea, laminitis, and abortion caused by Neorickettsia risticii. N. risticii infects parasites that infect fresh water snails, which are then eaten by mayflies and caddis flies. Horses are infected when they accidentally ingest any of these vectors or the feces of infected birds or bats. Cases are seen most often in June through October, near fresh water, east of the Mississippi River or in California.

Answer: E. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is caused by a birnavirus. IBD is shed in feces and transferred barn to barn via fomites. Very stable. Difficult to eradicate from premises. Signs include clinical picture given above in older birds, or MORE IMPORTANT subclinical form in young birds, which causes immunosuppression via destruction of immature lymphocytes in bursa, thymus, spleen. Immunosuppressed birds do not respond well to vaccination and are predisposed to infections with normally nonpathogenic viruses and bacteria. Common diseases usually exacerbated by IBDV infections. See large economic losses.